MIT Chipman steel chemistry lineage

John Chipman (Georgia Tech physical chemist) applied high-temperature physical chemistry to slag-metal partitioning; transformed steel chemistry from "crapshoot" (10-30% bad heats) to one bad heat in a hundred. Over half this department's chaired professorships derive from steel-industry funding tied to Chipman.

No, it doesn't, until you get down to very low carbon. The thermodynamics are such that you can get down to about 0.05 percent — about 500 parts per million carbon — before you start to oxidize the iron. The people who worked all that out: John Chipman here at MIT, who was head of the materials department, and after him John Elliott who was one of his students, and Tom King who was department head when I was an undergraduate. All the world's steel-making technology, the chemistry of it, was developed here at MIT by John Chipman.