Stanford tutored video instruction (1980s)

Cited as parallel to Tom's GM experience — Stanford found that students taking courses via tutored video instruction outperformed live-class students, attributed to the replay capability.

It turns out Stanford University in the 1980s learned the same thing before MIT. They called it tutored video instruction, and they had students in different parts of the country that had a tutor that would play the video at the company site. We didn't have real-time internet access back in the 80s. And they actually found the students who took it by tutored video instruction did better than the students who took it live. It was partly because you can play it back. And it's not that the professors are always incoherent, it's that when you're watching something live, sometimes your mind wanders off to something else, like a Snickers bar, and you miss part of it.